Academic Lineage of Stephen L. Morgan

Stephen Larry Morgan (1949- ). Ph. D., Emory University (Atlanta, GA), 1975. Professor, The University of South Carolina (Columbia, SC), 1976-present.

Stanley Norris Deming (1945- ). Ph. D., Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN), 1970. Professor; Emory University (Atlanta, GA), 1969-1974; The University of Houston (Houston, TX), 1976-2000. Professor Emeritus (University of Houston).

Harold Pardue (1922- ). Professor of Chemistry, Purdue University (West Lafayette, IN). Ph. D, University of Illinois (Urbana, IL).

Howard V. Malmstadt (1922-2002). Professor, University of the Nations-Kona, Hawaii. Ph. D., University of Wisconsin (Madison, WI), 1950.

Walter J. Blaedel (1916- ). Ph. D., Stanford, 1942. Professor of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin (Madison, WI).

Francis E. Blacet. Ph. D., Stanford, 1931. Professor of Chemistry, UCLA (Los Angeles, CA). He is credited with the discovery that nitrogen dioxide photolysis was responsible for the formation of ozone in the troposphere and the explanation for Los Angeles ozone along with Arie Haagen-Smit of Cal Tech. He also had Jack Calvert and James N. Pitts, Jr. as students who went on to write a photochemistry text (information by courtesy of Jeff Gaffney).

Philip Albert Leighton (1884- ). Ph. D., Harvard, 1927. Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University. Leighton was a noteworthy photochemist who wrote The Photochemistry of Gases (1941) with Albert. Noyes. He also wrote Photochemistry of Air Pollution in (1961), which is a classic text on the subject.

G. S. Forbes, Ph. D., Harvard, 1905. Professor of Chemistry, Harvard University.

Theodore W. Richards, (1868-1928). Ph. D., Harvard, 1888. Richards received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1914 in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements.

Josiah Parsons Cooke, (1827-1894). Paris, 1848.

Jean Baptiste André Dumas (1800-1884). Paris, 1832. Dumas was a French chemist who wrote commentary criticizing Berzelius' radical theory of chemical structure and, later, discovered the methyl radical (with Péligot) . He did not believe in atoms and wanted to remove the word "atom'' from the chemical vocabulary. Dumas invented the type theory of organic structure, and developed an analytical method, based on combustion, for determining nitrogen content of organic compounds. He also discovered a method, based on vaporization, for determining atomic weights for substances which were liquid or solid at room temperature. He is also known for isolating anthracene from coal tar.

Louis Jaques Thenard, Baron (1777-1857). Paris, 1797. Thenard was the co-discoverer of the element boron (along with Sir Humphrey Davy and Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac). Thenard collaborated extensively with Gay-Lussac, devising the first practical method of organic analysis.

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin (1763-1829). M.D., Paris, 1789. Discovered the element chromium in 1798. Vauquelin, collaborating with Fourcroy and others, isolated many substances of medical interest (e.g., urea, allantoin, asparagine, quinic acid, cyanic acid, and uric acid).

Antoine-Francois de Fourcroy (1755-1809). M.D., Paris, 1780. A member of the editorial board of Lavoisier's journal Annales de Chimie. As Lavoisier's "principal interpreter to the younger generation of chemists", Fourcroy wrote a ten-volume text, Systeme des connaissances chimiques (1800) that organized chemistry with concepts such as elements, acids, bases, and salts. Collaborated with Lavoisier, Berthollet, and de Morveau on nomenclature for chemical compounds.

Jean B. M. Bucquet, M.D., Paris, 1768.

Guillaume-François Rouelle (1703-1770). Apothecary, Chemist and Professor at the Jardin du Roi (Paris, 1725). Roulle was an chemist during the Phlogistic Period, when combustible materials were said to contain phlogiston, a substance which escaped on combustion ("minus oxygen") but which could be transferred from one body to another. Rouelle innovated a new theory of salts, classifying them according to their cystalline shapes and the acids and bases from which they formed. Lavoisier, often considered the "father of modern chemistry," studied under Rouelle in Paris.

J. G. Spitzley. Apothecary, Paris. 

Nicolas Lémery (1645-1715). Apothecary, Paris, ca. 1667. Lémery was a French chemist who wrote a widely read chemistry textbook, Cours de Chymie (1675; 9th ed., Paris, 1701), which was translated through 14 editions into Latin, English, German, Italian, and Spanish. His textbook helped to establish chemistry as a field of study separate from Paracelsus' "iatrochemistry" (medicinal chemistry). Lémery described five principles: mercury or spirit, sulphur or oil, salt, water, and earth and classified substances into animal, mineral, and vegetable. Along with Robert Boyle, Lémery believed in the atomic structure of matter based on Descartes' corpuscular theory, which held that properties of substances depend on the shapes of their particles.

Christophe Glaser (d. 1670-3). M.D., Basel, ca.. 1640. A practicer of iatrochemistry in Paris at the Jardin du Roi (Paris) from 1660 to 1671. His text, Traité de la chymie (1663; 2nd ed., Paris, 1668; 4th ed., Bruxelles, 1676), is alleged to be the source for much of Lemery's book which followed it. Glaser and his mentor, de Clave, were physicians, pharmacists, and alchemists who practiced "iatrochemstry", using chemicals to treat human illnesses. Previous demonstrators of chemistry at Jardin du Roi included Guillaume Davisson (1648) and Nicolas le Fevre (1651).

Étienne de Clave. 1620? Professor at the Jardin du Roi (Paris). Chemists of this time devoted a lot of time to distillations of plant and animal materials. De Clave accepted Paracelus' three principles of mercury, sulfur, and salt and added the iatrochemical principles of phlegm and earth.

References

Photos and sketches of Cooke, Dumas, Thenard, Vauquelin, de Fourcroy, Rouelle, and Lemery were obtained from the University of Pennsylvania Library, Schoenberg Center for Electronic Text & Image, Edgar Fahs Smith Collection of Images.

Brock, William H. The Norton History of Chemistry; W. W. Norton & Co.: New York, 1992.

de Milt, C. J. Chem. Educ. 1942, 19, 53.

Ihde, Aaron J. The Development of Modern Chemistry; Harper & Row, New York, 1964.

Langford, Cooper H.; Beebe, Ralph A. The Development of Chemical Principles; Dover Publications, New York, 1995 (reprint of 1969 text first published by Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Inc., Reading).

Leicester, H. M. A Source Book in Chemistry 1400-1900; Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 1952.

Leicester, H. M. The Historical Background of Chemistry; Dover Publications, New York, 1971 (reprint of 1956 text first published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.).

Multhauf, R. P. The Origins of Chemistry, Franklin Watts, Inc.: New York, 1967.

Partridge, J. R. A Short History of Chemistry; Dover Publications, Inc.: New York, 1989 (reprint of 1957 text first published by MacMillan & Co., Ltd.,: London, 1937).

Spangenburg, R.; Moser, D. K. The History of Science from the Ancient Greeks to the Scientific Revolution, Facts on File, Inc.: New York, 1993.

Spangenburg, R.; Moser, D. K. The History of Science in the Eighteenth Century, Facts on File, Inc.: New York, 1993.

Stillman, J. M. The Story of Alchemy and Early Chemistry, Dover Publications, Inc.: New York, 1960 (reprint of 1924 text, The Story of Early Chemistry, first published by Constable & Co., Ltd.,: London, 1937).